Heat and SO2 Emission Rates at Active Volcanoes – The Case Study of Masaya, Nicaragua

The necessity of understanding volcanic phenomena so as to assist hazard assessment and risk management, has led to development of a number of techniques for the tracking of volcanic events so as to support forecasting efforts. Since 1980s scientific community has progressively drifted research and surveillance at active volcanoes by integrated approach. Nowadays, volcano observatories over the world record and integrate real or near-real time data for monitoring and understanding volcano behaviour. Among the geophysical, geochemical, and volcanological parameters, the tracking of temperature changes at several volcanic features (e.g. open-vent systems, eruptive vents, fumaroles) and variations in sulphur dioxide flux and concentration at volcanic plumes are key factors for studying and monitoring active volcanoes.